Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Hazard Assessments of Maize (Zea mays L.) Drought and Waterlogging: A Case Study in Songliao Plain of China

The Songliao Plain is the largest maize (Zea mays L.) cropland area in China and, thus, most influenced by water stress. To mitigate adverse impact of stress on yield and quality, various agricultural irrigation strategies have been implemented. Based land surface temperature an enhanced vegetation index, this study constructed dryness index (TVDI) combined Hurst Sen trend to analyze spatiotemporal characteristics drought waterlogging. From correlation between TVDI gross primary productivity, weight coefficients different growth cycles were derived determine waterlogging stresses for 2000–2020. hazard western side was high west low east, whereas east. Waterlogging likely persisted according trends patterns During second cycle, severely affected There a spatial heterogeneity severity hazards degree maize. For reason that precipitation concentrated mid-late July early August, susceptible during first two stages. Irrigation middle stages development part reduced stress-induced damage. Spatiotemporally-detected couplings 2000–2020 provide actionable insights into prevention mitigation such disasters implementation water-saving practices at regional scale.